WHO position paper
on varicella vaccines – November 2025
一、引言
二、背景信息
(一)流行病学特征
(二)病原体相关信息
(三)疾病相关情况
(四)诊断方法
(五)治疗与暴露后预防措施
(六)感染获得性免疫、疫苗诱导性免疫及保护相关性指标
三、疫苗相关信息
(一)疫苗的接种方式、生产商规定的程序及储存条件
(二)疫苗的免疫原性、效力、效果及接种影响
1. 免疫原性
2. 疫苗效力与效果
(1)疫苗效力
(2)疫苗效果
3. 突破性水痘
4. 保护持续时间
(三)疫苗安全性
5. 暴露后接种
6. 疫苗互换性
7. 联合接种
(四)特殊人群接种、注意事项及禁忌证
1. 免疫功能低下人群接种
2. 人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者接种
3. 孕期和哺乳期接种
四、人群影响、成本效益及经济影响
(一)儿童水痘疫苗接种规划对疾病发病率的影响
(二)儿童水痘疫苗接种规划对群体免疫的影响
(三)儿童水痘疫苗接种规划对水痘流行病学的影响
(四)儿童水痘疫苗接种规划对带状疱疹的影响
(五)成本效益
五、世卫组织立场
(一)疫苗选择、接种方式及剂次
(二)加强剂次
(三)暴露后接种
(四)联合接种
(五)禁忌证
(六)特殊人群
1. 免疫功能低下人群和人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者
2. 医护人员
3. 旅行者
4. 孕期和哺乳期女性
5. 脆弱、受冲突影响和弱势群体所在地区
(七)监测
(八)研究重点
六、如何通过互联网获取《疫情周报》
七、参考
1.https://www.who.int/groups/strategic-adviso-
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2 The recommendations contained in this publication are based on the advice of in- dependent experts who have considered the best available evidence, a risk–benefit analysis and other factors, as appropriate. This publication may include recommen- dations on the use of medicinal products for an indication, in a dosage form, dose regimen, population or other use parameters that are not included in the approved labelling. Relevant stakeholders should familiarize themselves with applicable national legal and ethical requirements. WHO does not accept any liability for the procurement, distribution and/or administration of any product for any use.
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