Contents
Rotavirus: Vaccine Preventable Diseases Surveillance Standards
2018年9月4日
| 出版物

概述
轮状病毒属于呼肠孤病毒科,会导致幼儿出现水样腹泻、呕吐和严重脱水症状。轮状病毒十分常见,在未接种轮状病毒疫苗的国家,5岁以下儿童中35%-60%的急性重症腹泻由其引发,其中婴儿的占比最高。轮状病毒腹泻遍布全球,且与细菌性腹泻不同,它在饮水、卫生设施和个人卫生条件较差的环境中并不会更为流行。在发展中国家,前往卫生机构就诊的儿童中,轮状病毒的病死率约为2.5%。
在医疗服务获取不便的地区,这一病死率更高。2013年,轮状病毒在全球范围内估计导致21.5万人死亡。轮状病毒传染性极强,可在粪便中大量排出,主要通过粪-口途径传播,包括人际传播或通过环境中的污染物传播。其潜伏期为1至3天。临床症状轻重不一,典型表现为急性、水样、非血性腹泻,常伴有呕吐和发热。在温带气候地区,轮状病毒感染在凉爽干燥的季节达到高峰,而在热带地区,其季节性则不太明显。
世卫组织团队
扩大免疫规划(EPI),免疫、疫苗和生物制品(IVB)
页数
版权所有
世界卫生组织
疾病与疫苗特征
监测的依据与目标
推荐的监测类型
基础监测(MINIMAL SURVEILLANCE)
强化监测(ENHANCED SURVEILLANCE)
与其他监测体系的衔接(LINKAGE TO OTHER SURVEILLANCE PLATFORMS)
病例定义与最终分类
病例排查的疑似病例定义
确诊病例定义
特殊考量
病例调查
标本采集
标本类型与采集量
采集禁忌
标本储存与运输
监测绩效指标
临床病例管理
接触者追踪与管理
暴发场景下的监测、调查与应对
轮状病毒监测的特殊考量
REFERENCES CITED
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