速览：美国按种族和族裔划分的艾滋病毒感染情况

Contents

1 概览
2 速览
3 相关页面

This entry is part 13 of 13 in the series HIV

Fast Facts: HIV in the US by Race and Ethnicity

人人

May 21, 2024

虽然艾滋病毒在美国影响所有种族和族裔，但某些群体受到的影响与其人口比例相比尤为严重。黑人/非裔美国人和西班牙裔/拉丁裔人群尤其受到艾滋病毒的影响，在2022年估计的新增艾滋病毒感染病例中，这两个群体占一半以上（70%）。获取按种族和族裔划分的最新艾滋病毒数据。

速览

艾滋病毒对某些群体的影响比其他群体更大。社会和结构性问题——例如艾滋病毒污名化、恐同症、歧视、贫困以及获得高质量医疗保健的机会有限——影响着健康结果，并持续加剧不平等现象。

HIV 感染率

HIV 感染率是指某一年内估计新增 HIV 感染病例的数量。

There were 31,800 estimated new HIV infections in the US in 2022. The Ending the HIV Epidemic overall goal is to decrease the estimated number of new HIV infections to 9,300 by 2025 and 3,000 by 2030. — 美国新增艾滋病毒感染病例估计数。

Chart comparing estimated HIV infections by race and ethnicity. Black/African American people account for 37% of estimated new HIV infections, even though they make up 12% of the US population. Among American Indian/Alaska Native people, there were 200 estimated new HIV infections in 2022; among Asian people, there were 380; among Black/African American people, there were 11,900; among Hispanic/Latino people, there were 10,500; among White people, there were 7,600; among multiracial people, there were 1,200. — 美国按种族和族裔划分的艾滋病毒感染人数估计。

艾滋病毒诊断

HIV 诊断数量是指在特定年份内被诊断出感染 HIV 的人数。

In 2022, 37,981 people received an HIV diagnosis in the US and 6 territories and freely associated states. The Ending the HIV Epidemic overall goal is to decrease the number of new HIV diagnoses to 9,588 by 2025 and 3,000 by 2030. — 美国及其6个属地和自由联系邦的艾滋病毒诊断情况。

Chart comparing new HIV diagnoses in the US and 6 territories and freely associated states by race and ethnicity. Racism, HIV stigma, discrimination, homophobia, poverty, and other barriers to health care continue to drive disparities in HIV diagnoses. In 2022, 38% (14,553) of all HIV diagnoses were among Black/African American people; 32% (12,167) were among Hispanic/Latino people; 24% (9,112) were among white people; 3% (1,056) were among multiracial people; 2% (795) were among Asian people; 1% (215) were among American Indian/Alaska Native people; and less than 1% (83) were among Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander people. — 按种族和族裔划分的艾滋病毒诊断情况。

Chart comparing new HIV diagnoses in the US and 6 territories and freely associated states by race and ethnicity and sex. In 2022, 36% (11,029) of all new HIV diagnoses among men were among Black/African American men; 35% (10,725) were among Hispanic/Latino men; 24% (7,433) were among white men; 3% (828) were among multiracial men; 2% (691) were among Asian men; 1% (158) were among American Indian/Alaska Native men; and less than 1% (71) were among Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander men. Among women, 50% (3,524) of all new HIV diagnoses were among Black/African American women; 24% (1,679) were among white women; 20% (1,442) were among Hispanic/Latina women; 3% (228) were among multiracial women; 1% (104) were among Asian women; 1% (57) were among American Indian/Alaska Native women; and less than 1% (12) were among Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander women. — 按种族和民族划分的男性和女性 HIV 诊断情况。

2018年至2022年，美国及其6个属地和自由联系邦的艾滋病毒感染诊断总数保持稳定。但不同种族和族裔群体的趋势有所不同。

Chart showing trends in HIV diagnoses by race and ethnicity. From 2018 to 2022, HIV diagnoses increased 30% among American Indian/Alaska Native people; decreased 6% among Asian people; decreased 5% among Black/African American people; increased 17% among Hispanic/Latino people; increased 51% among Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander people; remained stable among white people; and decreased by 31% among multiracial people. — 2018 年至 2022 年按种族和民族划分的 HIV 诊断趋势。

了解现状

感染状况认知是指已确诊感染艾滋病毒的艾滋病毒感染者所占的估计百分比。

In 2022, an estimated 1.2 million people in the US had HIV. For every 100 people with HIV 87 knew their HIV status. The overall Ending the HIV Epidemic goal is to increase the estimated percentage of people with HIV who have received an HIV diagnosis to at least 95% by 2025 and remain at 95% by 2030. — 了解更多关于美国艾滋病毒感染者对自身艾滋病毒感染状况的认知情况。

For every 100 American Indian/Alaska Native people with HIV 77 knew their HIV status. For every 100 Asian people with HIV 93 knew their HIV status. For every 100 Black/African American people with HIV 88 knew their HIV status. For every 100 Hispanic/Latino people with HIV 84 knew their HIV status. For every 100 Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander people with HIV 80 knew their HIV status. For every 100 White people with HIV 89 knew their HIV status. For every 100 Multiracial people with HIV 89 knew their HIV status. — 了解更多关于不同种族和民族在艾滋病毒感染状况认知方面的差异。

与艾滋病毒传播相关的行为

感染或传播艾滋病毒的几率因暴露方式或行为而异。最常见的感染或传播途径是肛交或阴道性交，或共用针头、注射器或其他注射毒品用具——例如，注射器。

Getting and keeping an undetectable viral load is the best way for people with HIV to stay healthy and protect others. In 2020, 7% of Black/African American people, 8% of Hispanic/Latino people, and 9% of white people with HIV had sex without using any HIV prevention strategy in the last 12 months. — 按种族和民族划分的已确诊 HIV 感染者的性行为。

One-third (33%) of PWID without HIV used a syringe after someone else used it and more than half (60%) of PWID without HIC used any injection equipment after someone else used it in the past month. 29% of American Indian/Alaska Native PWID, 32% of Asian PWID, 23% of Black/African American PWID, 30% of Hispanic/Latino PWID, 14% of Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander PWID, 42% of white PWID, and 33% of multiracial PWID used a syringe after someone else used it in the past 12 months. 61% of American Indian/Alaska Native PWID, 54% of Asian PWID, 50% of Black/African American PWID, 58% of Hispanic/Latino PWID, 36% of Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander PWID, 68% of white PWID, and 64% of multiracial PWID used any injection equipment after someone else used it in the past 12 months. — 按种族和民族划分的非艾滋病毒感染者的注射行为。

PrEP 覆盖范围

美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）已暂停发布暴露前预防（PrEP）覆盖率报告，以确定计算 PrEP 覆盖率的最佳方法，并使用更新的方法和数据来源更新 PrEP 覆盖率估算值。由于公式错误影响了部分种族和族裔数据，所有种族和族裔数据已从本网站移除。CDC 计划在下一份 HIV 监测报告中恢复所有人口群体的 PrEP 覆盖率报告，该报告目前计划于 2025 年 6 月发布。在更新后的 PrEP 覆盖率估算值发布之前，CDC 建议不要引用具体的 PrEP 覆盖率数据点，因为历史估算值将会更新。

继续阅读：利用艾滋病毒监测数据监测美国及其6个属地和自由联系邦的部分国家艾滋病毒预防和护理目标，2022年